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從父系遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)分析壯族的起源與分類

Origin and Classification of Zhuang Analyzed by

Paternal Genetic Structure

陳晶

廣西中醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)室，中國 南寧 530023

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西南壯族各支系分布地圖

摘要：壯族是中國最大的少數(shù)民族，與東南亞廣泛分布的泰老族群有著密切的關(guān)系，在東亞人群的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)研究中地位非常特殊。然而，由于壯民族缺乏通用的本族文字，歷經(jīng)數(shù)千年的發(fā)展，壯民族內(nèi)部人群的遷徙融合及交流狀況很難在現(xiàn)有的文字資料中有所發(fā)現(xiàn)。僅有的材料是從語言上將壯族人群區(qū)分為壯語北部方言組和南部方言組。為了解壯族人群的內(nèi)部遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)，我們從父系遺傳物質(zhì)Y染色體入手，根據(jù)東亞人群特異的18個Y染色體雙等位標(biāo)記，7個Y-STR標(biāo)記，對壯族各個支系共八個人群的DNA樣本進(jìn)行限制性長度片段多態(tài)酶切、熒光PCR確定SNP、STR等實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)分析，及主成份分析、聚類分析、分子方差分析等詳盡的遺傳學(xué)分析技術(shù)，調(diào)查了壯族各個支系的DNA多樣性，分別確定其Y-SNP、Y-STR，揭示壯族的內(nèi)部遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，壯族的主要Y染色體單倍群為O*、O2a、O1。壯族的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)中有幾個層次，最早的O*、O2a成分普遍出現(xiàn)在各個支系中，第二層是由東部來的百越核心成分O1，第三層是北方來的漢族成分O3，與壯族的歷史事件和其他人類學(xué)研究基本一致。壯族支系遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)體現(xiàn)出以紅水河支系為中心從東往西的梯度變化過程。傳統(tǒng)的對壯族按方言分為南北二組的分類方法在遺傳上并沒有依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：Y染色體；壯族；內(nèi)部遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)；多起源

Origin and Classification of Zhuang Analyzed by Paternal Genetic Structure

ABSTRACT: Zhuang nationality, the largest minority in China, is quite close to Thai and Lao in culture, and therefore, plays an important role in the genetic structure study of East Asian population. However, without formal writing of their own language, it is quite difficult to trace back the origin and migration history of Zhuang with the existent Chinese records. The only classification of Zhuang populations is linguistic. Zhuang people can be classified into northern and southern groups basing on their dialects. In order to understand Zhuang’s internal genetic structure, herein, the DNA diversity of eight Zhuang branches were investigated after determining their Y chromosome haplotypes that represent paternal inheritance with 18 East Asia specific Y-chromosome biallelic markers, 7 Y-chromosome STR markers. RFLP, fluorescence-PCR techniques and detail genetics analyses such as principal component, hierarchical clustering and AMOVA analysis were performed. As a result, on Y-chromosome, O*, O2a and O1 were found to be the most common haplogroups in Zhuang populations. Here O* and O2a were the native component; O1, the core component of Baiyue from eastern China, was brought to Zhuang later; and finally, O3 from northern Han was introduced. This result is quite consistent with history records and other anthropological studies. In addition, a Hongshuihe-centric, east-to-west gradient change rather than an expected south-north profile was observed in the genetic structure of Zhuang whereas various genetic analyses were performed, indicating that the traditionally linguistic classification of northern and southern Zhuang groups is short of genetics supports.

Key words: Y chromosome; Zhuang; Internal genetic structure; Multiple origin

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